According to a new study by the World Health Organization (WHO), working long hours is killing hundreds of thousands of people a year through stroke and heart disease.
In a global analysis of the link between loss of life and health and working long hours, WHO and the International Labour Organization estimated that in 2016, some 745,000 people died as a result of having worked at least 55 hours a week.
Most of the deaths were recorded among people aged 60 to 79, who had worked at least 55 hours between the ages of 45 and 74. Men were the worst affected, accounting for 72% of deaths, the analysis found. People living in the Western Pacific and Southeast Asia, and middle-aged or older workers took on a particularly significant share of the disease burden, the report said.
The study, published Monday in the journal Environment International, found that deaths from heart disease linked with working long hours increased by 42% between 2000 and 2016, and stroke by 19%.
People who worked 55 or more hours a week had an estimated 35% higher risk of a stroke and a 17% higher risk of dying from ischemic heart disease — heart disease caused by a narrowing of the arteries — compared with those working 35-40 hours a week, the study found.
According to WHO, there are two ways in which working long hours can cause death. First, is the psychological stress from working long hours can generate a physiological response, triggering reactions in the cardiovascular system and lesions that cause a change in tissue. The second is through health-harming behavior in response to stress, including smoking, drinking alcohol, poor diet, physical inactivity and impaired sleep and poor recovery — all considered risk factors for heart disease and stroke.
The study analyzed a time before WHO declared the novel coronavirus outbreak a pandemic.
“The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly changed the way many people work,” WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said in a statement.
“Teleworking has become the norm in many industries, often blurring the boundaries between home and work. In addition, many businesses have been forced to scale back or shut down operations to save money, and people who are still on the payroll end up working longer hours.
“No job is worth the risk of stroke or heart disease. Governments, employers and workers need to work together to agree on limits to protect the health of workers,” he added.